Emulsifier compositon



United States Patent M EMULSKFIER COMPOSITION ionrad Henlrel and Alfred Rapp, Dusseldorf, Germany, assignors to Biihrne Fettcllci ie m. b. H., Dusseldorf, Germany N0 Drawing. Application January 23, 951, Serial No. 207,442

Claims priority, application Germany February 6, 1950 1 Claim. (Ci. 252-355) This invention relates to chemical compositions to be used as emulsifiers for oils, fats and similar products.

It is a fact known in the art that most of the emulsifiers in practical use are employable only either for mineral oils or only for fatty oils.

It is an object of this invention to provide new compositions usable as emulsifiers for fatty oils as well as for mineral oils. More particularly it is an object of this invention to provide compositions of the kind adapted to emulsify the most various oils, fats or similar materials, for instance liquid or solid triglycerides, liquid and solid fatty acids, oily hydrocarbons, mineral oils, parafiin, waxes, higher alcohols, etc.

These and other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following specification and the appended claims.

The inventors have found that mixtures of sulfamides of the general formula R.SO2.NH2 and of water-soluble salts of disulfimides of the general formula in which R represents a higher alkylbenzene residue with at least one alkyl group of at least 4 carbon atoms, and R represents any organic residue, are excellent emulsifiers for oils, fats and similar products. The alkyl residue may be straight-chained or branching. It may be replaced by cycloaliphatic groups or groups containing them. The residue R may also be of the same kind as the residue R.

Starting products for the production of these compounds are the higher molecular alkylbenzenes, whereby those technical products, which are obtained by chlorination of synthetic hydrocarbons of suitable chainlength and reaction of the chlorides or corresponding olefins with benzene, are of particularly practical significance. These alkylbenzenes are transformed into the corresponding sulfochlorides which, on being treated with ammonia or ammonium carbonate, supply alkyl-benzene-sulfamides. The alkyl-benzene-sulfamides thus produced already represent one component of the emulsifier according to the present invention.

If these alkvl-benzene-sulfochlorides and -sulfamides containing similar alkyl-benzene residues are decomposed with each other, there result symmetrical dialkylbenzene-disulfimides in which R and R are the same. For the production of unsymmetrical disulfimides one of the two reaction components is replaced by one in which the residue R differs from the higher alkyl-benzene residue R. Hereby it is, in principle, immaterial which of the two components carries the sulfochloride and which the sulfamide group. The organic residue R may be of any desired kind, preferably low molecular organic residues are suitable as, for instance, such of benzene, monoor dichlorobenzene, monoor dinitrobenzene, toluene, tetraline, dekaline, as well as residues of non-aromatic hydrocarbons or heterocyclic ring systems. Of particular practical importance are, amongst others, sulfochlorides obtained, according to Reed, by joint action of chlorine and sulfurdioxide on aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbohydrates or the sulfamides made from them.

The reaction of the sulfochlorides with the sulfamides is performed in the presence of aqueous solutions or suspensions of acid-binding material. Monovalent bases such as caustic soda lye, potash lye, ammonia, triethanolamin, heterocyclic bases and the like are preferably used for this purpose.

The sulfamides and disulfimides or their salts used ac- Patented Dec- 28, 1954 cording to the invention are mostly by themselves or in mixture oily, pasty masses. They are processed in the usual manner for the production of emulsions.

The mixtures of the two components may be added to the oily or fatty materials and these may then be sold as emulsifiable oils, fats or waxes.

The components may also be added separately or solutions of each individual component in oil or fat may be mixed with each other in any desired sequence or they may be worked into the aqueous phase.

As mentionedbefore, the new emulsifiers are capable of emulsifying the most various oils, fats or similar products, e. g. liquid or solid triglycerides, liquid and solid fatty acids, oily carbohydrates, mineral oils, paraffin, waxes, higher alcohols, etc. The amount of the emulsifier to be used depends on the chemical nature of the material to be emulsified, the desired stability of the emulsions and the amount of water to be used.

If natural or synthetic colloids or swelling-up materials are added the stability of the emulsion is increased or, at equal stability, emulsifier is saved. Natural or synthetic, inorganic and organic substances as, for in stance, bentonite, derivatives of polysaccharides, polymethacrylic acid, protein products and others may be used as colloids or swelling-up materials.

The emulsions and/ or emulsifiable oily and fatty products as invented can be used in the textile industry as greases, preparation and dressing products and furthermore in metal-working as drilling and cutting oils, as well as for the surface treatment of materials, in particular metals, etc.

The new emulsifiers according to this invention are formed already on simple stirring by hand without the aid of mechanical devices; they are clearly soluble in mineral oils, well soluble in most oleins; they exhibit good emulsifying qualities.

Example 1 An alkyl-benzene, obtained by chlorination of a synthetic aliphatic hydrocarbon of a medium chain length of 12 carbon atoms and reaction of the chlorination product with benzole according to Friedel-Crafts, is sulfonated with sulphuric acid; the so obtained sulfonic acid is transformed into the sulfochloride by treatment with chlorosulfonic acid and then reacted with ammonia to obtain the corresponding sulfamid.

1 mol of this alkyl benzene sulfamide with a mean mol Weight of about 320 is transformed into the sodium compound by stirring at 40 C. with a mol of sodium hydroxide in the form of an 8% solution. Hereby is obtained a paste of the consistency of green soap. At the same temperature and within an hour /2 mol p-toluoi-sulfochloride (VZ585) is stirred in. Then, over a two hour period, a further mol of sodiumhydroxide (also in the form of an 8% solution) and a further /2 mol of p-toluol-sulfochloride are jointly added in such a manner that the batch always exhibits a clear caustic alkaline reaction. When all has been added, the temperature is slowly raised to 70 C. and the batch stirred for a further hour at this temperature.

After standing for quite some time (about 10 to 15 hours), the cooled mixture separates off part of the water so that the paste has about the following composition:

65% sodium salt of the disulfimid 32% water 3% sodium chloride.

To produce the emulsifier about 15% of the water is further removed by evaporation.

An emulsifier according to this invention is obtained by mixing parts by weight of the boiled-down disulfimid paste with 25 parts by weight of the alkyl-benzene sulfamid produced as described heretofore. The emulsifier is soluble in oil and is a viscous but still well pourable brown product.

Example 2 In order to produce an olefin emulsion, 7.5 parts by weight of an emulsifier according to Example 1 are stirred into 92.5 parts by weight of olein or, vice versa, 92.5 parts by weight of olein are stirred into 7.5 parts by weight of an emulsifier according to Example 1. 300

parts by weight of water are added under further active stirring.

Example 3 To produce a mineral oil emulsion, the procedure is the same as described in Example 2 whereby the olein is replaced by the same amount by weight of mineral oil.

Example 4 To produce a parafiin emulsion, 5 to 7.5 parts of emulsifier are added to 40 parts of molten paraffin. Then 50 parts of hot water-the temperature of the water being above the melting point of the paraffinare stirred in and stirring is continued until cooling is completed. Such emulsions are used, if desired, with the addition of impregnating means, for heavy impregnation e. g. in the manufacture of sailcloths etc.

Example 6 For the production of drilling and cutting oils for the metal working industry, 3 to 5% emulsifier are dissolved under stirring in mineral oil. In order to produce usable, diluted emulsions, the mixture of mineral oil and emulsifier is stirred with cold water in the ratio of 1:6 or 1:7. In lthis manner emulsions are obtained which keep very we I claim:

A composition for producing stable emulsions of water and oil, consisting of a sulfonamide having the general formula RSOz--NH2 and about 3 parts by weight of a water-soluble salt of a disulfimide having the general formula RSOzNH-SO2-R' for each part by weight of sulfonamide, in which R represents a higher alkylbenzene radical wherein the alkyl group has a medium chain length of 12 carbon atoms, and R represents the radical of a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, tetraline, dekaline, and a higher alkyl-benzene wherein the alkyl group has a medium chain length of 12 carbon atoms.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,093,947 Albrecht Sept. 21, 1937 2,292,997 Hentrich Aug. 11, 1942 2,341,614 Hentrich Feb. 15, 1944 2,383,859 Hentrich Aug. 28, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 888,804 France Dec. 23, 1943 

